--- title: "Career change routes in England: how to qualify, how long, and who pays" description: "92 routes into NHS, teaching, social work, policing, law and accountancy careers in England: entry requirements, length, funding and pay. Checked against official sources. Free CSV." url: "https://careerflip.app/career-change-routes" tokens: 15739 --- Career change routes · checked 3 November 2026 # How to retrain into a regulated career in England 92 routes into the NHS, teaching, social work, policing, law and accountancy: what you need to start, how long it takes, and who pays. Every line comes from the official body that runs the route, linked beside it. Where a source didn't say, we say so rather than guess. **42 of 92** routes pay you while you train, and **36 of 48** careers have at least one paid route. In Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland? [See where your nation's routes are](https://careerflip.app/career-change-routes#nations). [Download the CSV](https://careerflip.app/career-change-routes.csv) ## The short version ### Nursing, midwifery and allied health **£5,000** a year NHS Training Grant, not repaid 18 NHS professions. Most have a 2-year course for people who already have a degree, and a degree apprenticeship you're paid for. ### Psychology, science, medicine and pharmacy **9 of 13** routes pay you while you train Several are salaried from day one, including psychological wellbeing practitioner, CBT therapist, clinical psychologist and NHS clinical scientist. Graduate-entry medicine takes 4 years. ### Teaching **£34,069** minimum starting salary outside London With any degree, postgraduate training usually takes 9 months. Salaried routes pay you while you train. ### Social work **14 months** fastest route for graduates Graduates can qualify in 14 months on Step Up or Approach Social Work, or in 2 years at university. Think Ahead, the mental health route, takes no new cohorts from 2026. ### Policing and probation **£31,164** police constable starting pay You join as a paid police constable on every route here. Since April 2024 there's a 2-year route needing no degree. ### Law **Any degree** is enough to start the SQE Qualify as a solicitor with a degree in any subject through the SQE and 2 years' work experience. The CILEX route needs no degree. ### Accountancy **No degree** needed for ACA, ACCA, CIMA or AAT No degree needed for ACA, ACCA, CIMA or AAT, and most people qualify while working. ## Not in England? Everything on this page is for England. Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland train and fund nurses, teachers, social workers and allied health staff their own way, with different courses, bursaries and student finance. Start with your nation's official careers service and the bodies below. ### Scotland - [My World of Work (Skills Development Scotland)](https://www.myworldofwork.co.uk/) - [NHS Scotland Careers](https://www.careers.nhs.scot/) - [Teach in Scotland](https://teachinscotland.scot/) - [Scottish Social Services Council](https://www.sssc.uk.com/) - [SAAS: student funding](https://www.saas.gov.uk/) ### Wales - [Careers Wales](https://careerswales.gov.wales/) - [Health Education and Improvement Wales](https://heiw.nhs.wales/) - [Educators Wales: teaching](https://www.educators.wales/) - [Social Care Wales](https://socialcare.wales/) - [Student Finance Wales](https://www.studentfinancewales.co.uk/) ### Northern Ireland - [Careers Service (nidirect)](https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/campaigns/careers) - [HSC jobs: health and social care](https://jobs.hscni.net/) - [Northern Ireland Social Care Council](https://niscc.info/) - [Student Finance NI](https://www.studentfinanceni.co.uk/) ## Nursing, midwifery and allied health - The NHS Learning Support Fund pays students a £5,000-a-year Training Grant (2026–27). It adds £1,000 for mental health and learning disability nursing, radiography, podiatry, orthoptics and prosthetics, and £2,000 if you have a child under 15. You need to be eligible for Student Finance. - Universities say a previous degree usually doesn't stop Student Finance for these courses. Confirm with Student Finance England before you apply. - Most of these jobs start at NHS Band 5: £32,073 from 1 April 2026. ### Adult nurse [What the job is like →](https://careerflip.app/explore/registered-nurse) #### Undergraduate degree Student funding 3 years (4 for a dual-field degree) - Entry: Set by each university - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant (2026–27). - Leads to: NMC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Postgraduate pre-registration (for graduates) Student funding 2 years - Entry: A degree in a relevant subject - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant (2026–27). - Leads to: NMC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Degree apprenticeship (Level 6) Paid while training 4 years - Entry: Set by the employer and university - Funding: Employed while training. Apprenticeship standard ST0781. - Leads to: NMC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/nursing/studying-nursing) [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/learning-support-fund-10th-edition-2026-to-2027/nhs-financial-support-for-health-students-10th-edition-nhs-learning-support-fund) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st0781-v2-0) ### Children's nurse [What the job is like →](https://careerflip.app/explore/registered-nurse) #### Undergraduate degree Student funding 3 years (4 for a dual-field degree) - Entry: Set by each university - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant (2026–27). - Leads to: NMC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Postgraduate pre-registration (for graduates) Student funding 2 years - Entry: A degree in a relevant subject - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant (2026–27). - Leads to: NMC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Degree apprenticeship (Level 6) Paid while training 4 years - Entry: Set by the employer and university - Funding: Employed while training. Apprenticeship standard ST0781. - Leads to: NMC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/nursing/studying-nursing) [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/learning-support-fund-10th-edition-2026-to-2027/nhs-financial-support-for-health-students-10th-edition-nhs-learning-support-fund) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st0781-v2-0) ### Mental health nurse [What the job is like →](https://careerflip.app/explore/registered-nurse) #### Undergraduate degree Student funding 3 years (4 for a dual-field degree) - Entry: Set by each university - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant and £1,000 extra for this subject (2026–27). - Leads to: NMC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Postgraduate pre-registration (for graduates) Student funding 2 years - Entry: A degree in a relevant subject - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant and £1,000 extra for this subject (2026–27). - Leads to: NMC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Degree apprenticeship (Level 6) Paid while training 4 years - Entry: Set by the employer and university - Funding: Employed while training. Apprenticeship standard ST0781. - Leads to: NMC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/nursing/studying-nursing) [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/learning-support-fund-10th-edition-2026-to-2027/nhs-financial-support-for-health-students-10th-edition-nhs-learning-support-fund) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st0781-v2-0) ### Learning disability nurse [What the job is like →](https://careerflip.app/explore/registered-nurse) #### Undergraduate degree Student funding 3 years (4 for a dual-field degree) - Entry: Set by each university - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant and £1,000 extra for this subject (2026–27). - Leads to: NMC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Postgraduate pre-registration (for graduates) Student funding 2 years - Entry: A degree in a relevant subject - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant and £1,000 extra for this subject (2026–27). - Leads to: NMC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Degree apprenticeship (Level 6) Paid while training 4 years - Entry: Set by the employer and university - Funding: Employed while training. Apprenticeship standard ST0781. - Leads to: NMC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/nursing/studying-nursing) [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/learning-support-fund-10th-edition-2026-to-2027/nhs-financial-support-for-health-students-10th-edition-nhs-learning-support-fund) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st0781-v2-0) ### Midwife #### Undergraduate degree Student funding 3 years (at least 4,600 hours) - Entry: Set by each university - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant (2026–27). - Leads to: NMC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) There's no shortened route for graduates who aren't nurses: NMC standards don't allow credit for prior learning, so a postgraduate-entry course still takes 3 years. #### Degree apprenticeship (Level 6) Paid while training 4 years - Entry: Set by the employer and university - Funding: Employed while training. Apprenticeship standard ST0948. - Leads to: NMC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Shortened course for registered adult nurses Student funding At least 18 months (3,000 hours), or 2 years (3,600 hours) - Entry: NMC-registered adult nurse - Funding: Set by the course; ask the university. - Leads to: NMC registration as a midwife These are the NMC's minimums. Which universities run the 18-month course wasn't confirmed. Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/midwifery/studying-midwifery) [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/learning-support-fund-10th-edition-2026-to-2027/nhs-financial-support-for-health-students-10th-edition-nhs-learning-support-fund) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st0948-v2-0) [nmc.org.uk](https://www.nmc.org.uk/globalassets/sitedocuments/standards/2023-pre-reg-standards/part-3-updated-standards-for-pre-registration-midwifery-programmes-2023.pdf) ### Physiotherapist [What the job is like →](https://careerflip.app/explore/physiotherapist) #### Undergraduate degree Student funding 3 years - Entry: Set by each university - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant (2026–27). - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Postgraduate pre-registration (for graduates) Student funding 2 years - Entry: A relevant degree - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant (2026–27). - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Degree apprenticeship (Level 6) Paid while training 4 years - Entry: Set by the employer and university - Funding: Employed while training. Apprenticeship standard ST0519. - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/allied-health-professionals/roles-allied-health-professions/physiotherapist) [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/learning-support-fund-10th-edition-2026-to-2027/nhs-financial-support-for-health-students-10th-edition-nhs-learning-support-fund) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) [hcpc-uk.org](https://www.hcpc-uk.org/about-us/who-we-regulate/the-professions/) [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st0519-v2-0) ### Occupational therapist [What the job is like →](https://careerflip.app/explore/occupational-therapist) #### Undergraduate degree Student funding 3 years - Entry: Set by each university - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant (2026–27). - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Postgraduate pre-registration (for graduates) Student funding 1 to 2 years - Entry: A degree (subject not stated) - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant (2026–27). - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Degree apprenticeship (Level 6) Paid while training 4 years - Entry: Set by the employer and university - Funding: Employed while training. Apprenticeship standard ST0517. - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/allied-health-professionals/roles-allied-health-professions/occupational-therapist) [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/learning-support-fund-10th-edition-2026-to-2027/nhs-financial-support-for-health-students-10th-edition-nhs-learning-support-fund) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) [hcpc-uk.org](https://www.hcpc-uk.org/about-us/who-we-regulate/the-professions/) [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st0517-v2-0) ### Paramedic [What the job is like →](https://careerflip.app/explore/paramedic) #### Undergraduate degree Student funding 3 to 4 years - Entry: Set by each university - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant (2026–27). - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5, moving to 6 after 2 years (Band 5 starts at £32,073) A full manual driving licence and 2 years' driving experience are expected. Graduates may be assessed case by case for the Learning Support Fund. A graduate-entry route wasn't confirmed. #### Degree apprenticeship (Level 6) Paid while training 3 years - Entry: Set by the employer and university - Funding: Employed while training. Apprenticeship standard ST0567. - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5, moving to 6 after 2 years (Band 5 starts at £32,073) Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/ambulance-service-team/roles-ambulance-service/paramedic) [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/learning-support-fund-10th-edition-2026-to-2027/nhs-financial-support-for-health-students-10th-edition-nhs-learning-support-fund) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) [hcpc-uk.org](https://www.hcpc-uk.org/about-us/who-we-regulate/the-professions/) [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st0567-v2-0) ### Diagnostic radiographer #### Undergraduate degree Student funding 3 or 4 years - Entry: Set by each university - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant and £1,000 extra for this subject (2026–27). - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Postgraduate pre-registration (for graduates) Student funding 2 years - Entry: A degree (subject not stated) - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant and £1,000 extra for this subject (2026–27). - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Degree apprenticeship (Level 6) Paid while training 3 years - Entry: Set by the employer and university - Funding: Employed while training. Apprenticeship standard ST0619. - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/allied-health-professionals/roles-allied-health-professions/diagnostic-radiographer) [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/learning-support-fund-10th-edition-2026-to-2027/nhs-financial-support-for-health-students-10th-edition-nhs-learning-support-fund) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) [hcpc-uk.org](https://www.hcpc-uk.org/about-us/who-we-regulate/the-professions/) [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st0619-v2-0) ### Therapeutic radiographer #### Undergraduate degree Student funding 3 or 4 years - Entry: Set by each university - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant and £1,000 extra for this subject (2026–27). - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Postgraduate pre-registration (for graduates) Student funding 2 years - Entry: A degree (subject not stated) - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant and £1,000 extra for this subject (2026–27). - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Degree apprenticeship (Level 6) Paid while training 3 years - Entry: Set by the employer and university - Funding: Employed while training. Apprenticeship standard ST0620. - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/allied-health-professionals/roles-allied-health-professions/therapeutic-radiographer) [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/learning-support-fund-10th-edition-2026-to-2027/nhs-financial-support-for-health-students-10th-edition-nhs-learning-support-fund) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) [hcpc-uk.org](https://www.hcpc-uk.org/about-us/who-we-regulate/the-professions/) [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st0620-v2-0) ### Speech and language therapist #### Undergraduate degree Student funding 3 to 4 years (courses listed) - Entry: Set by each university - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant (2026–27). - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Postgraduate pre-registration (for graduates) Student funding 2 years - Entry: A relevant first degree - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant (2026–27). - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Degree apprenticeship (Level 6) Paid while training 4 years - Entry: Set by the employer and university - Funding: Employed while training. Apprenticeship standard ST0618. - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/allied-health-professionals/roles-allied-health-professions/speech-and-language-therapist) [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/learning-support-fund-10th-edition-2026-to-2027/nhs-financial-support-for-health-students-10th-edition-nhs-learning-support-fund) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) [hcpc-uk.org](https://www.hcpc-uk.org/about-us/who-we-regulate/the-professions/) [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st0618-v2-0) ### Dietitian [What the job is like →](https://careerflip.app/explore/dietitian) #### Undergraduate degree Student funding 3 or 4 years - Entry: Set by each university - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant (2026–27). - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Postgraduate pre-registration (for graduates) Student funding 2 years - Entry: A degree with enough human physiology and biochemistry - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant (2026–27). - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Degree apprenticeship (Level 6) Paid while training 4 years - Entry: Set by the employer and university - Funding: Employed while training. Apprenticeship standard ST0599. - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/allied-health-professionals/roles-allied-health-professions/dietitian) [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/learning-support-fund-10th-edition-2026-to-2027/nhs-financial-support-for-health-students-10th-edition-nhs-learning-support-fund) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) [hcpc-uk.org](https://www.hcpc-uk.org/about-us/who-we-regulate/the-professions/) [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st0599-v2-0) ### Operating department practitioner #### Undergraduate degree Student funding 3 years (courses listed) - Entry: Set by each university - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant (2026–27). - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) A graduate-entry route wasn't confirmed. #### Degree apprenticeship (Level 6) Paid while training 4 years - Entry: Set by the employer and university - Funding: Employed while training. Apprenticeship standard ST0582. - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/allied-health-professionals/roles-allied-health-professions/operating-department-practitioner) [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/learning-support-fund-10th-edition-2026-to-2027/nhs-financial-support-for-health-students-10th-edition-nhs-learning-support-fund) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) [hcpc-uk.org](https://www.hcpc-uk.org/about-us/who-we-regulate/the-professions/) [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st0582-v2-0) ### Podiatrist #### Undergraduate degree Student funding 2 to 4 years (sources differ) - Entry: Set by each university - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant and £1,000 extra for this subject (2026–27). - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Postgraduate pre-registration (for graduates) Student funding unconfirmed - Entry: A master's in podiatry exists - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant and £1,000 extra for this subject (2026–27). - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Degree apprenticeship (Level 6) Paid while training 4 years - Entry: Set by the employer and university - Funding: Employed while training. Apprenticeship standard ST0493. - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/allied-health-professionals/roles-allied-health-professions/podiatrist) [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/learning-support-fund-10th-edition-2026-to-2027/nhs-financial-support-for-health-students-10th-edition-nhs-learning-support-fund) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) [hcpc-uk.org](https://www.hcpc-uk.org/about-us/who-we-regulate/the-professions/) [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st0493-v2-0) ### Orthoptist #### Undergraduate degree Student funding 3 to 4 years - Entry: Set by each university - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant and £1,000 extra for this subject (2026–27). - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Postgraduate pre-registration (for graduates) Student funding 2 years - Entry: A degree (subject not stated) - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant and £1,000 extra for this subject (2026–27). - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Degree apprenticeship (Level 6) Paid while training 3 years - Entry: Set by the employer and university - Funding: Employed while training. Apprenticeship standard ST1272. - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/allied-health-professionals/roles-allied-health-professions/orthoptist) [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/learning-support-fund-10th-edition-2026-to-2027/nhs-financial-support-for-health-students-10th-edition-nhs-learning-support-fund) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) [hcpc-uk.org](https://www.hcpc-uk.org/about-us/who-we-regulate/the-professions/) [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st1272-v2-0) ### Prosthetist / orthotist #### Undergraduate degree Student funding 3 or 4 years - Entry: Set by each university - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant and £1,000 extra for this subject (2026–27). - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Postgraduate pre-registration (for graduates) Student funding 2 years - Entry: A degree (subject not stated) - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant and £1,000 extra for this subject (2026–27). - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) #### Degree apprenticeship (Level 6) Paid while training 4 years - Entry: Set by the employer and university - Funding: Employed while training. Apprenticeship standard ST0601. - Leads to: HCPC registration; NHS Band 5 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/allied-health-professionals/roles-allied-health-professions/prosthetistorthotist) [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/learning-support-fund-10th-edition-2026-to-2027/nhs-financial-support-for-health-students-10th-edition-nhs-learning-support-fund) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) [hcpc-uk.org](https://www.hcpc-uk.org/about-us/who-we-regulate/the-professions/) [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st0601-v2-0) ### Dental hygienist #### Undergraduate degree Student funding BSc 3 years, or FdSc / DipHE 2 years - Entry: Set by each university - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant (2026–27). - Leads to: GDC registration; NHS Band 5 or 6 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) A dental nursing qualification is accepted for entry. #### Degree apprenticeship (Level 6) Paid while training 3 years - Entry: Set by the employer and university - Funding: Employed while training. Apprenticeship standard ST1383. - Leads to: GDC registration; NHS Band 5 or 6 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/dental-team/roles-dental-team/dental-hygienist) [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/learning-support-fund-10th-edition-2026-to-2027/nhs-financial-support-for-health-students-10th-edition-nhs-learning-support-fund) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st1383-v2-0) ### Dental therapist #### Undergraduate degree Student funding BSc 3 years (also as a combined hygiene and therapy degree) - Entry: Set by each university - Funding: Student Finance, plus a £5,000-a-year NHS Training Grant (2026–27). - Leads to: GDC registration; NHS Band 5 or 6 (Band 5 starts at £32,073) Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/dental-team/roles-dental-team/dental-therapist) [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/learning-support-fund-10th-edition-2026-to-2027/nhs-financial-support-for-health-students-10th-edition-nhs-learning-support-fund) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) ## Psychology, science, medicine and pharmacy ### Psychological wellbeing practitioner (NHS Talking Therapies) #### Trainee post Paid while training About 45 days of study, one day a week over an academic year - Entry: Graduates take a postgraduate certificate; non-graduates a graduate-level equivalent or a Level 6 apprenticeship. Some mental health experience helps. - Funding: Training fully funded. Band 4 while training. After NHS-funded psychological professions training you can't start another for 2 years (since 1 April 2022). - Leads to: Registration with BPS or BABCP; Band 5 Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/psychological-therapies/roles-psychological-therapies/psychological-wellbeing-practitioner) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) ### High-intensity CBT therapist #### Trainee post (postgraduate diploma) Paid while training 12 months (about 2 days a week at university) - Entry: Usually a degree plus a recognised core profession, or a knowledge, skills and attitudes portfolio. PWPs need 2 years' continuous work after qualifying. - Funding: Training fully funded. Band 6 while training. After NHS-funded psychological professions training you can't start another for 2 years (since 1 April 2022). - Leads to: BABCP-accredited postgraduate diploma; Band 7 Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/psychological-therapies/roles-psychological-therapies/high-intensity-therapist) [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/psychological-therapies/roles-psychological-therapies/cbt-therapist) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) ### Clinical psychologist #### Doctorate in Clinical Psychology (DClinPsy) Paid while training 3 years full-time - Entry: A psychology degree giving BPS Graduate Basis for Chartered Membership. 30 UK programmes; highly competitive. - Funding: A salaried training post at Band 6. After NHS-funded psychological professions training you can't start another for 2 years (since 1 April 2022). - Leads to: HCPC registration (practitioner psychologist); Band 7 Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/psychological-therapies/roles-psychological-therapies/clinical-psychologist) [hcpc-uk.org](https://www.hcpc-uk.org/about-us/who-we-regulate/the-professions/) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) ### Clinical associate in psychology #### Level 7 degree apprenticeship Paid while training 18 months full-time - Entry: A BPS-accredited psychology degree or conversion course, plus paid or voluntary health or mental health experience - Funding: Band 5 while training. From 1 January 2026, Level 7 apprenticeships are government-funded only for people starting under 22 (or under 25 with an EHC plan or care history). - Leads to: Master's-level qualification; Band 6 Whether the Level 7 funding limit applies to this standard wasn't confirmed. The regulator wasn't stated. Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/psychological-therapies/roles-psychological-therapies/clinical-associate-psychology) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) ### Clinical scientist (healthcare science) #### Scientist Training Programme, direct entry Paid while training 3 years, with an accredited master's - Entry: A 1st or 2:1 in a relevant pure or applied science (a 2:2 with a relevant higher degree). Postgraduate diplomas aren't accepted. - Funding: A fixed-term, salaried training post. - Leads to: AHCS Certificate of Attainment, then HCPC registration as a clinical scientist 2026 recruitment is closed; 2027 is expected to open in January 2027. The trainee band wasn't confirmed. Sources: [nshcs.hee.nhs.uk](https://nshcs.hee.nhs.uk/programmes/stp/) [nshcs.hee.nhs.uk](https://nshcs.hee.nhs.uk/programmes/stp/applicants/stp-direct-entry-recruitment-guidance/entry-requirements-for-direct-entry-applicants/) ### Healthcare science practitioner #### Practitioner Training Programme (BSc) Student funding 3 years, with at least 50 weeks of NHS workplace training - Entry: Through UCAS; grades set by each university - Funding: The NHS doesn't fund full-time undergraduate healthcare science degrees in England. Also offered as a Level 6 apprenticeship (ST0413). - Leads to: HCPC registration as a biomedical scientist (life sciences), or AHCS / IPEM registers Sources: [nshcs.hee.nhs.uk](https://nshcs.hee.nhs.uk/programmes/ptp/) [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/healthcare-science/faqs-healthcare-science) ### Doctor #### Graduate-entry medicine (4 years) Student funding 4 years - Entry: Most schools expect at least a 2:1, usually in science; some accept any subject. An admissions test such as GAMSAT may be needed. - Funding: Year 1: you pay part of the tuition, with a Student Finance loan for the rest. Years 2 to 4: the NHS Bursary pays part of the tuition. Living-cost loans in every year. - Leads to: GMC registration Exact 2026–27 bursary and tuition amounts weren't confirmed from an official page. Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/doctors/applying-medical-school/medical-school-courses) [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/career-planning/study-and-training/considering-or-university/financial-support-university/financial-support-medical-and-dental-students) [faq.nhsbsa.nhs.uk](https://faq.nhsbsa.nhs.uk/knowledgebase/article/KA-02480/en-us) ### Pharmacist #### MPharm degree, then a foundation training year Student funding 4 years (5 with a sandwich year), then 12 months' foundation training - Entry: Typically A levels in chemistry and another science or maths - Funding: Student Finance for the degree; the foundation year is paid. NHS Learning Support Fund covers placement travel and accommodation. - Leads to: GPhC registration; usually Band 6 Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/pharmacy/roles-pharmacy/pharmacist) [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/pharmacy/studying-pharmacy) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) ### Pharmacy technician #### Pre-registration trainee, usually a Level 3 apprenticeship Paid while training 2 years - Entry: Usually 4 GCSEs at 9 to 4, including maths, English and science - Funding: Usually employed while training. - Leads to: GPhC registration; usually Band 4 Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/pharmacy/roles-pharmacy/pharmacy-technician) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) ### Physician associate (to be renamed physician assistant) #### Postgraduate course Student funding Usually 2 years (46 to 48 weeks a year, 1,600 clinical hours) - Entry: Usually a bioscience degree, or registration as a nurse, midwife or allied health professional - Funding: Some funding, varying by university. The Level 7 apprenticeship (ST0518) is paused for new starts. - Leads to: GMC registration; typically Band 7 The government accepted the Leng review's recommendations on 16 July 2025, including the new title. Its response to the 2026 consultation on titles is pending. Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/medical-associate-professions/roles-medical-associate-professions/physician-associate) [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/news/patient-safety-boost-as-pa-review-recommendations-accepted) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) ### Nursing associate [What the job is like →](https://careerflip.app/explore/registered-nurse) #### Apprenticeship (foundation degree, Level 5) Paid while training 2 years - Entry: GCSE 9 to 4 in maths and English, or Functional Skills Level 2; some employers want a Level 3 - Funding: Band 3 while training on an apprenticeship. People who apply straight to a university fund their own training. Apprenticeship standard ST0827. - Leads to: NMC registration as a nursing associate; Band 4. It can shorten a later nursing degree apprenticeship to 2 years. Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/nursing/roles-nursing/nursing-associate) [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st0827-v2-0) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) ### Healthcare assistant #### Entry-level job Paid while training Care Certificate while working; Level 2 or 3 apprenticeships available - Entry: No set requirements; GCSE English and maths may be asked for - Funding: A paid job; typically starts at Band 2. - Leads to: A way in to assistant practitioner or nursing associate roles Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/wider-healthcare-team/roles-wider-healthcare-team/clinical-support-staff/healthcare-assistant) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) ### Anaesthesia associate #### Postgraduate trainee post Paid while training 24 or 27 months - Entry: A registered health professional with at least 3 years' experience after qualifying, or a 2:1 or better in a biomedical or biological science - Funding: Employed by the NHS while training; Band 5 to 7 depending on employer. - Leads to: GMC registration; at least Band 7 The Leng review renames the role "physician assistant in anaesthesia". Sources: [healthcareers.nhs.uk](https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/medical-associate-professions/roles-medical-associate-professions/anaesthesia-associate) [nhsemployers.org](https://www.nhsemployers.org/articles/pay-scales-202627) ## Teaching - Qualified teachers start on at least £34,069 outside London from September 2026; unqualified trainees on salaried routes start from £23,732. ### School teacher #### Postgraduate, fee-funded (PGCE, SCITT, School Direct) Student funding Usually 9 months full-time; 18 to 24 months part-time - Entry: A bachelor's degree in any subject; GCSE grade 4 in English and maths (plus science to teach primary). Some providers ask for a 2:2 or above. - Funding: Fees up to £9,790 (2026–27), with tuition and maintenance loans. 2026–27 bursaries: £29,000 for chemistry, computing, maths or physics; £20,000 for design and technology or languages; £5,000 for biology or geography. Scholarships of £31,000 (chemistry, computing, physics) or £22,000 (French, German, Spanish) instead. None for primary, English or history. - Leads to: QTS, often with a PGCE #### School Direct salaried Paid while training 1 academic year - Entry: As the fee-funded route; some providers want significant school experience. GCSE grade 4 in English and maths (plus science to teach primary). - Funding: Paid on the unqualified teacher scale (from £23,732 outside London). No bursary or student finance; any grant goes to the provider. Some providers charge a fee, for example for a PGCE. - Leads to: QTS #### Postgraduate teaching apprenticeship Paid while training At least 9 months, plus a 1-month assessment - Entry: A bachelor's degree; GCSE grade 4 in English and maths (plus science to teach primary). Normally 3 years' UK residence. - Funding: No training fees. Normally paid on the unqualified scale. Apprenticeship standard ST0490. - Leads to: QTS #### Teach First (Teach Lead Change) Paid while training 2 years, after a summer of training - Entry: A 2:1 honours degree (a 2:2 considered for secondary only); GCSE English and maths at 4/C; no existing PGCE or QTS; right to work in the UK - Funding: Fully funded, with a salary from day one (amount not stated). - Leads to: QTS with a PGCE #### Assessment only Alongside your job Up to 12 weeks - Entry: A degree and GCSE grade 4 in English and maths (plus science to teach primary). At least 2 years' teaching across 2 or more schools (or 5 in one), already meeting the Teachers' Standards. - Funding: About £1,500 to £4,000, paid by you or your school. - Leads to: QTS #### Teacher degree apprenticeship (no degree needed) Paid while training Typically 45 months, plus a 1-month assessment - Entry: No degree. Lived in England for the last 3 years; GCSE grade 4 in English and maths (plus science to teach primary); A levels set by each university. - Funding: No tuition fees and no student finance. Paid on the unqualified scale in maintained schools. Apprenticeship standard ST1502. - Leads to: A bachelor's degree and QTS Sources: [getintoteaching.education.gov.uk](https://getintoteaching.education.gov.uk/train-to-be-a-teacher/if-you-have-a-degree) [getintoteaching.education.gov.uk](https://getintoteaching.education.gov.uk/funding-and-support/tuition-fees) [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/funding-initial-teacher-training-itt/funding-initial-teacher-training-itt-academic-year-2026-to-2027) [getintoteaching.education.gov.uk](https://getintoteaching.education.gov.uk/funding-and-support/salaried-teacher-training) [assets.publishing.service.gov.uk](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6ad21656dfa45fcb6753cb0b/School_teachers_pay_and_conditions_document_and_guidance_2026.pdf) [getintoteaching.education.gov.uk](https://getintoteaching.education.gov.uk/train-to-be-a-teacher/postgraduate-teaching-apprenticeships) [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st0490) [teachleadchange.org.uk](https://teachleadchange.org.uk/about/eligibility) [teachleadchange.org.uk](https://teachleadchange.org.uk/leadership/salary-benefits) [getintoteaching.education.gov.uk](https://getintoteaching.education.gov.uk/train-to-be-a-teacher/assessment-only-route-to-qts) [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-assessment-only-route-to-qts/assessment-only-route-to-qualified-teacher-status-criteria-and-supporting-advice) [getintoteaching.education.gov.uk](https://getintoteaching.education.gov.uk/train-to-be-a-teacher/teacher-degree-apprenticeships) [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st1502-v2-0) ### Further education teacher #### Teach in a college while you qualify Paid while training Employers usually expect the qualification within 2 years - Entry: Level 2 English and maths. Vocational subjects: usually a Level 3 trade qualification and industry experience. Academic subjects: usually a degree in the subject. - Funding: College pay (QTS isn't required). FE bursaries 2026–27: £31,000 for computing, engineering, maths and science; £15,000 for SEND; £10,000 for English. - Leads to: Level 5 Diploma in Teaching, or a PGCE (FE); later QTLS #### QTLS (Education and Training Foundation) Alongside your job 6 months, about 4 hours a week - Entry: Salaried in FE teaching post-14 groups; a Level 5 teaching qualification; Level 2 English and maths; at least 230 hours' group teaching over 6 months - Funding: £55 application plus £570 formation fee, plus ETF membership. - Leads to: QTLS, recognised as QTS for schools while ETF membership is active The next cohort runs 25 January to 30 June 2027; applications close 10 November 2026. Sources: [teachinfurthereducation.education.gov.uk](https://www.teachinfurthereducation.education.gov.uk/training/find-funding) [teachinfurthereducation.education.gov.uk](https://www.teachinfurthereducation.education.gov.uk/training/qualifications) [etfoundation.co.uk](https://etfoundation.co.uk/membership/status/qualified-teacher-learning-skills-qtls/) [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/guidance/qualified-teacher-status-qts) ### Early years teacher #### Graduate entry (EYTS) Student funding About 1 year - Entry: A bachelor's degree; GCSE grade 4 in maths, English and science - Funding: DfE pays the provider a £9,535 training grant. Bursary of £5,000 (1st or doctorate), £4,000 (2:1 or master's) or £2,000 (2:2) in 2026–27. - Leads to: Early Years Teacher Status (ages 0 to 5; not QTS) #### Graduate employment-based (EYTS) Paid while training About 1 year - Entry: A bachelor's degree; GCSE grade 4 in maths, English and science; a job in an early years setting - Funding: Your employer pays your salary; DfE pays the provider £9,535 and the employer a £7,000 incentive. - Leads to: Early Years Teacher Status Sources: [getintoteaching.education.gov.uk](https://getintoteaching.education.gov.uk/life-as-a-teacher/age-groups-and-specialisms/early-years-teachers) [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/guidance/early-years-initial-teacher-training-2026-to-2027-funding-guidance) ## Social work ### Social worker #### Postgraduate MA, MSc or PGDip Bursary Usually 2 years full-time - Entry: A degree in another subject; each university sets the class and experience it wants - Funding: 2026–27 NHS social work bursary: up to £3,762.50 (London) or £3,362.50, plus £4,052 towards tuition, plus an income-assessed grant of up to £4,201 (London) or £2,721. Places are capped per university. You can't take a Master's loan alongside it. - Leads to: Social Work England registration, then an assessed first year (ASYE) #### Undergraduate BA or BSc Student funding 3 years full-time - Entry: Set by each university - Funding: Student Finance loans. 2026–27 bursary of £5,262.50 (London) or £4,862.50 for the final 2 years only; no help with tuition. - Leads to: Social Work England registration #### Degree apprenticeship (Level 6) Paid while training 36 months - Entry: Set by the employer; no upper age limit - Funding: No tuition fees. Apprenticeship standard ST0510. - Leads to: Social Work England registration Sources: [support-for-social-workers.education.gov.uk](https://support-for-social-workers.education.gov.uk/become-a-social-worker/postgraduate-university-qualification-course-in-social-work) [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/social-work-bursary-and-education-support-grant-information-packs/social-work-education-in-the-2024-to-2025-academic-year) [support-for-social-workers.education.gov.uk](https://support-for-social-workers.education.gov.uk/become-a-social-worker/undergraduate-university-degree-course-in-social-work) [nhsbsa.nhs.uk](https://www.nhsbsa.nhs.uk/social-work-students/social-work-bursary-undergraduate-students) [support-for-social-workers.education.gov.uk](https://support-for-social-workers.education.gov.uk/become-a-social-worker/degree-apprenticeship-level-6) [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st0510-v2-0) ### Social worker (children and families) #### Step Up to Social Work Bursary 14 months full-time - Entry: A 2:2 or better in another subject; GCSE English at 4/C; 6 months' direct experience; living in England. Not already qualified in social work. - Funding: £21,995 tax-free bursary, no tuition fees. - Leads to: Postgraduate diploma, then Social Work England registration Intakes run every 2 years. The 2026 intake is closed and the next date isn't published. #### Approach Social Work (formerly the Frontline programme) Bursary 3 years: postgraduate diploma in 14 months, then the assessed year, then a master's - Entry: A 2:2 or better (held or predicted); GCSE English at 4/C; right to work and study until September 2030; living in England. Not already qualified in social work. - Funding: Year 1: £18,000 (£20,000 in London) tax-free, no fees. Years 2 and 3: a salary. - Leads to: Postgraduate diploma and Social Work England registration, then a master's DfE gives salaries in years 2 and 3 as up to £34,000; Frontline reports £30,000 to £39,000. Sources: [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/guidance/step-up-to-social-work-information-for-applicants) [support-for-social-workers.education.gov.uk](https://support-for-social-workers.education.gov.uk/become-a-social-worker/step-up-to-social-work) [support-for-social-workers.education.gov.uk](https://support-for-social-workers.education.gov.uk/become-a-social-worker/approach-social-work) [thefrontline.org.uk](https://thefrontline.org.uk/become-a-social-worker/approach-social-work/) ## Policing and probation ### Police constable #### Degree-holder entry (DHEP) Paid while training Normally 2 years - Entry: A Level 6 degree in any subject except professional policing - Funding: Constables start on £31,164 (from 1 September 2025); forces may start new officers on £32,472. - Leads to: Graduate diploma in professional policing practice Each force chooses which routes it runs. #### Police constable degree apprenticeship (PCDA) Paid while training Normally 3 years - Entry: A levels in 2 or more subjects, or equivalent - Funding: Constables start on £31,164 (from 1 September 2025); forces may start new officers on £32,472. - Leads to: Degree in professional policing practice #### Police constable entry programme (PCEP, no degree) Paid while training 2 years - Entry: A levels in 2 or more subjects, or equivalent - Funding: Constables start on £31,164 (from 1 September 2025); forces may start new officers on £32,472. - Leads to: Confirmed as a constable; no degree Introduced on 1 April 2024. Which forces offer it varies. #### Police Now (graduate leadership or detective) Paid while training 2 years - Entry: A 2:1 or better in a non-policing degree - Funding: A warranted officer from day one. - Leads to: Graduate diploma Sources: [joiningthepolice.co.uk](https://www.joiningthepolice.co.uk/application-process/ways-in-to-policing/entry-route-explorer) [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/circular-0112026-annexes-f-u-and-da-police-regulations-2003/annex-f-amendment-pay-accessible) [collegeofpolicing-newsroom.prgloo.com](https://collegeofpolicing-newsroom.prgloo.com/news/new-way-to-join-the-police-as-a-pc) ### Detective constable #### Detective degree-holder entry Paid while training 2 years - Entry: As DHEP: a degree in any subject except professional policing - Funding: Constables start on £31,164 (from 1 September 2025); forces may start new officers on £32,472. - Leads to: Graduate diploma plus PIP2 investigator accreditation (after the National Investigators' Exam) Sources: [joiningthepolice.co.uk](https://www.joiningthepolice.co.uk/application-process/ways-in-to-policing/entry-route-explorer) [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/circular-0112026-annexes-f-u-and-da-police-regulations-2003/annex-f-amendment-pay-accessible) ### Probation officer #### Professional Qualification in Probation (PQiP) Paid while training Graduates 15 or 21 months; non-graduates 27 months - Entry: Graduate route: a Level 5 qualification or higher in any subject. Non-graduate route: Level 3. - Funding: Fully funded. March 2027 intake: £28,064 in training, £37,238 once qualified, plus £4,505 London weighting. - Leads to: Level 6 Professional Qualification in Probation Applications for the March 2027 intake are closed; you can register interest. Sources: [prisonandprobationjobs.gov.uk](https://prisonandprobationjobs.gov.uk/probation-service-roles/overview-of-the-probation-officer-role/) ## Law ### Solicitor #### Solicitors Qualifying Examination (SQE) Alongside your job 2 years' qualifying work experience, plus the time you take to pass SQE1 and SQE2 - Entry: A degree in any subject, or an equivalent Level 6 qualification; character and suitability checks - Funding: Exam fees from October 2026: SQE1 £2,006, SQE2 £3,086. Work experience can be paid or voluntary, with up to 4 organisations. - Leads to: Admission as a solicitor (SRA) Prep courses are optional and priced by each provider. Sources: [sra.org.uk](https://www.sra.org.uk/become-solicitor/sqe/) [sra.org.uk](https://www.sra.org.uk/become-solicitor/sqe/qualifying-work-experience-candidates/) [sra.org.uk](https://www.sra.org.uk/news/sqe-update/sqe-update-april-2026/) ### Barrister #### Bar course and pupillage Student funding Academic stage, Bar course, then about 12 months' pupillage - Entry: A law degree, or a non-law degree plus a conversion course (GDL); at least a 2:2; join an Inn of Court before the Bar course - Funding: Pupillage pays at least £25,863 in London or £23,504 elsewhere (from 1 January 2026). Bar course fees vary by provider. - Leads to: Call to the Bar and a practising certificate Sources: [barstandardsboard.org.uk](https://www.barstandardsboard.org.uk/training-qualification/becoming-a-barrister.html) [barstandardsboard.org.uk](https://www.barstandardsboard.org.uk/resources/press-releases/bar-standards-board-announces-minimum-pupillage-award-from-1-january-2026.html) ### Chartered legal executive (CILEX lawyer) #### CILEX Professional Qualification (CPQ) Alongside your job CILEX estimates 18 to 24 months each for Foundation and Advanced, and 12 to 18 months for Professional - Entry: No formal minimum; your previous qualifications set your starting stage - Funding: Study alongside a legal job. CILEX Law School modular prices (March 2024) total £13,616. Also a Level 6 apprenticeship (ST0244). - Leads to: CILEX Lawyer / Chartered Legal Executive The professional stage needs at least 2,300 hours of supervised legal work; CILEX pages give different experience rules for older routes. Sources: [cilex.org.uk](https://www.cilex.org.uk/study/apply_cpq/) [cilex.org.uk](https://www.cilex.org.uk/cilex_lawyer/faqs/) [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st0244-v2-1) ### Paralegal #### Paralegal apprenticeship (Level 3) Paid while training unconfirmed - Entry: Set by the employer - Funding: Apprenticeship standard ST0245. An advanced paralegal standard (ST1476, Level 5) also exists. - Leads to: A first legal job; a step towards CILEX or the SQE Sources: [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st0245-v2-0) [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st1476-v2-0) ## Accountancy - From 1 January 2026, new Level 7 apprenticeships are government-funded only for people under 22, or under 25 with an EHC plan or care history. Most adult career-changers won't get one funded. ### Chartered accountant (ACA, ICAEW) [What the job is like →](https://careerflip.app/explore/accountant) #### Training contract with an authorised employer Paid while training Typically 3 to 5 years - Entry: Any recognised degree, or 2 A levels and 3 GCSEs. Mature route: aged 25+ with 7 years' experience in finance, law or accountancy. - Funding: Usually employer-funded. 14 exams; 450 days of work experience. - Leads to: ACA, chartered accountant Sources: [icaew.com](https://www.icaew.com/start-your-career/how-to-become-a-chartered-accountant/discover-aca) [icaew.com](https://www.icaew.com/learning-and-development/aca/minimum-entry-requirements-for-the-aca) ### Chartered certified accountant (ACCA) [What the job is like →](https://careerflip.app/explore/accountant) #### ACCA qualification Alongside your job As little as 3 to 4 years - Entry: 2 A levels and 3 GCSEs including English and maths, or start at Foundations - Funding: 13 exams and 36 months of supervised experience. Registration £89, 2026 subscription £140, exams about £160 to £282 each. - Leads to: ACCA membership The qualification is being redesigned from 2027. Sources: [accaglobal.com](https://www.accaglobal.com/gb/en/qualifications/glance/acca/how.html) [accaglobal.com](https://www.accaglobal.com/gb/en/student/practical-experience-per/36-months-practical-experience.html) [accaglobal.com](https://www.accaglobal.com/gb/en/qualifications/accountancy-career/fees/fees-charges.html) ### Chartered management accountant (CIMA) [What the job is like →](https://careerflip.app/explore/accountant) #### CIMA Professional Qualification Alongside your job On average about 4 years - Entry: No formal requirement; without an accounting background you start with the Certificate in Business Accounting - Funding: 12 exams across 3 levels, plus 3 years' verified experience. - Leads to: ACMA and CGMA Sources: [myfuture.cimaglobal.com](https://myfuture.cimaglobal.com/the-cima-professional-qualification/the-self-directed-learning-and-assessment-route/) [aicpa-cima.com](https://www.aicpa-cima.com/resources/landing/practical-experience-requirements) ### Accounting technician (AAT) [What the job is like →](https://careerflip.app/explore/accountant) #### AAT Levels 2 to 4 Alongside your job Level 2 and 3: 6 to 12 months each; Level 4: 12 to 18 months - Entry: Start at any level; good English and maths recommended. Exemptions for finance qualifications. - Funding: Qualification fees £460 to £603 per level. Also apprenticeships (ST0002 Level 3, ST0003 Level 4). - Leads to: MAAT membership; exemptions towards ACCA and others Sources: [aat.org.uk](https://www.aat.org.uk/qualifications-and-courses/accounting) [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st0003-v2-0) ### Accountant (degree-level apprenticeship) [What the job is like →](https://careerflip.app/explore/accountant) #### Accountancy or taxation professional apprenticeship (Level 7) Paid while training 36 months - Entry: Set by the employer - Funding: Apprenticeship standard ST0001. From 1 January 2026, new Level 7 apprenticeships are government-funded only for people under 22, or under 25 with an EHC plan or care history. Most adult career-changers won't get one funded. - Leads to: A professional qualification such as ACA, ACCA or CIMA Sources: [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st0001-v1-0) [skillsengland.education.gov.uk](https://skillsengland.education.gov.uk/apprenticeships/st0246-v2-0) ## Questions ### Can I retrain as a nurse, physiotherapist or OT if I already have a degree? Yes. Most nursing and allied health professions have a 2-year postgraduate course for graduates. The NHS Learning Support Fund also pays a £5,000-a-year Training Grant on top of Student Finance (2026–27). Midwifery is the exception: a graduate who isn't a nurse still trains for 3 years. ### Which careers pay you while you retrain? Degree apprenticeships in the NHS, teaching, social work and accountancy pay you, and so does every police constable route. So do probation officer training and salaried teacher training. In the NHS, psychological wellbeing practitioner, CBT therapist, clinical psychology and Scientist Training Programme trainees are paid. Use the "Paid while training only" filter above to list them. ### How long does it take to retrain as a teacher? With a degree, postgraduate training usually takes 9 months full-time. Without one, the teacher degree apprenticeship takes about 4 years. Qualified teachers start on at least £34,069 outside London from September 2026. ### Can I become a solicitor without a law degree? Yes. The SQE route needs a degree in any subject or an equivalent qualification, passes in SQE1 and SQE2, and 2 years' qualifying work experience, which can be paid or voluntary. The CILEX route needs no degree at all. ### Do I need a degree to become an accountant? No. ACA, ACCA, CIMA and AAT all have routes without a degree, and most people qualify while working. ICAEW also has a mature route for people aged 25 or over with 7 years' experience in finance, law or accountancy. ### What do newly qualified NHS staff earn? Most nurses, midwives and allied health professionals start at Band 5, which is £32,073 from 1 April 2026, rising to £39,043 at the top of the band. ## About this dataset 92 rows, one per training route into 48 careers in England. Most are regulated careers in health, science, teaching, social work, policing, law and accountancy. Each row gives the entry requirements and how long the route takes. It says whether you're paid while you train, and lists fees, grants or pay. It also gives what you hold at the end, any caveat, and the official pages used. Every value was read on the official body's own website on 2026-11-03. Where a source didn't say, the row says so. England only. Free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 with a link back. Columns: `sector` `career` `route` `entry_requirements` `length` `paid_while_training` `funding` `outcome` `note` `sources` `checked` [Download the CSV](https://careerflip.app/career-change-routes.csv) (UTF-8, one row per route, header row first) · Licence: [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) · Version 2026-11-03 ## Starting from a particular job? Some of these routes are shorter, or only open, if you already hold a job or registration. [Career change pages by starting job](https://careerflip.app/career-change) pull those out: [teaching](https://careerflip.app/career-change/from-teaching), [nursing](https://careerflip.app/career-change/from-nursing), [care work](https://careerflip.app/career-change/from-care-work), [customer service](https://careerflip.app/career-change/from-customer-service), [marketing](https://careerflip.app/career-change/from-marketing), [operations](https://careerflip.app/career-change/from-operations), [finance](https://careerflip.app/career-change/from-finance), [software engineering](https://careerflip.app/career-change/from-software-engineering). ## Where this comes from We read each route on the website of the body that runs it. For health: Health Careers, NHS Employers, the NMC and HCPC. For teaching and social work: Get Into Teaching, DfE and the Social Work England route pages. For policing and law: Joining the Police, HM Prison and Probation Service, the SRA, the Bar Standards Board and CILEX. For accountancy and apprenticeships: ICAEW, ACCA, CIMA, AAT and Skills England. Figures are for England and for the year shown. Fees, bursaries and pay change every year, so check the linked source before you apply. This is researched information, not careers advice. You're free to reuse the CSV with a link back to this page. [See which of these your CV is closest to](https://careerflip.app/?src=career-change-routes&via=md)